"perturb" meaning in All languages combined

See perturb on Wiktionary

Verb [English]

IPA: /pəˈtɜːb/ [Received-Pronunciation], /pəɹˈtɜɹb/ [General-American] Audio: En-us-perturb.ogg Forms: perturbs [present, singular, third-person], perturbing [participle, present], perturbed [participle, past], perturbed [past]
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)b Etymology: From Late Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”), from Old French perturber, and from its etymon Latin perturbāre, the present active infinitive of perturbō (“to confuse; to alarm, disturb, trouble, perturb”), from per- (intensifying prefix) + turbō (“to agitate, disturb, unsettle, perturb; to upset”) (from turba (“disorder, disturbance, turmoil”) (possibly from Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”), either from Pre-Greek, or Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)) + -ō (suffix forming infinitives of regular first-conjugation verbs)). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-|*(s)twerH-|id=fare}}, {{inh|en|enm|perturben|t=to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)}} Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”), {{der|en|fro|perturber}} Old French perturber, {{glossary|etymon}} etymon, {{der|en|la|perturbāre}} Latin perturbāre, {{glossary|present}} present, {{glossary|active}} active, {{glossary|infinitive}} infinitive, {{glossary|intensifying}} intensifying, {{glossary|prefix}} prefix, {{der|en|grc|τῠ́ρβη|t=confusion, disorder, tumult}} Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”), {{der|en|qsb-grc}} Pre-Greek, {{der|en|ine-pro|*(s)twerH-|t=to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”), {{glossary|infinitive}} infinitive, {{glossary|conjugation}} conjugation, {{glossary|verb}} verb Head templates: {{en-verb}} perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)
  1. To disturb; to bother or unsettle. Translations (to disturb; to bother or unsettle): խռովել (xṙovel) (Armenian), смущавам (smuštavam) (Bulgarian), 打擾 /打扰 (dǎrǎo) (Chinese Mandarin), verstoren (Dutch), perturbar (Ido), buair (Irish), forurolige (Norwegian), vekke uro [masculine] (Norwegian), gjøre forstyrret (Norwegian), skake (opp) (Norwegian), ryste (Norwegian), ناراحت کردن (nârâhat kardan) (Persian), perturbar (Spanish), desatentar (Spanish), conturbar (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-perturb-en-verb-b-VNIZx3 Synonyms: agitate, unsettle, agitate, bother, bring down, discompose, disconcert, enturbulate [nonstandard], disturb, mortify [obsolete], perturb, put out, ruffle, throw off balance, unsettle, upset Disambiguation of 'to disturb; to bother or unsettle': 98 0 1 0
  2. (physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object.
    Sense id: en-perturb-en-verb-jl~pJX0D Categories (other): Physics Topics: natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics
  3. (astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force. Translations ((astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force): perturbar (Ido)
    Sense id: en-perturb-en-verb-2AxeTfgD Categories (other): Astronomy, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Norwegian translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Orbits Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 27 16 50 6 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 32 8 55 5 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 29 15 49 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 30 14 53 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 30 11 51 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 30 11 51 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 29 14 47 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 30 11 52 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 30 11 51 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 26 14 52 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian translations: 26 10 58 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 30 11 51 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 29 13 49 8 Disambiguation of Orbits: 23 21 35 21 Topics: astronomy, natural-sciences Disambiguation of '(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force': 5 16 71 8
  4. (mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value.
    Sense id: en-perturb-en-verb-1d57O~Hv Categories (other): Mathematics Topics: mathematics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: perturbation, perturbative, perturbed, perturbedly

Verb [Romanian]

IPA: [perˈturb]
Head templates: {{head|ro|verb form}} perturb
  1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of perturba Tags: first-person, form-of, indicative, present, singular, subjunctive Form of: perturba
    Sense id: en-perturb-ro-verb-N61dB9qb Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Romanian entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "perturbation"
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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      "expansion": "Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
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        "To disturb; to bother or unsettle."
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          "disturb",
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        {
          "word": "agitate"
        },
        {
          "word": "unsettle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "agitate"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "bother"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "bring down"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "discompose"
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        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "disconcert"
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        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "disturb"
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        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "mortify"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "perturb"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "put out"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "ruffle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "throw off balance"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "unsettle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "upset"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "xṙovel",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "խռովել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "smuštavam",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "смущавам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dǎrǎo",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "打擾 /打扰"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "verstoren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "perturbar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "buair"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "forurolige"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vekke uro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "gjøre forstyrret"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "skake (opp)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "ryste"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "nârâhat kardan",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "ناراحت کردن"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "perturbar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "desatentar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 0 1 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
          "word": "conturbar"
        }
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        "(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object."
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
      ],
      "id": "en-perturb-en-verb-2AxeTfgD",
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        "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
      ],
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        {
          "_dis1": "5 16 71 8",
          "code": "io",
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          "sense": "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force",
          "word": "perturbar"
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      ],
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        "To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
      ],
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          "mathematics"
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        "(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
      ],
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        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "ipa": "/pəˈtɜːb/",
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        "Received-Pronunciation"
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    },
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  ],
  "word": "perturb"
}

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        "2": "enm",
        "3": "perturben",
        "t": "to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "perturber"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French perturber",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "etymon"
      },
      "expansion": "etymon",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perturbāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perturbāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "infinitive"
      },
      "expansion": "infinitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "intensifying"
      },
      "expansion": "intensifying",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "τῠ́ρβη",
        "t": "confusion, disorder, tumult"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "qsb-grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)twerH-",
        "t": "to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "infinitive"
      },
      "expansion": "infinitive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "conjugation"
      },
      "expansion": "conjugation",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”), from Old French perturber, and from its etymon Latin perturbāre, the present active infinitive of perturbō (“to confuse; to alarm, disturb, trouble, perturb”), from per- (intensifying prefix) + turbō (“to agitate, disturb, unsettle, perturb; to upset”) (from turba (“disorder, disturbance, turmoil”) (possibly from Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”), either from Pre-Greek, or Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)) + -ō (suffix forming infinitives of regular first-conjugation verbs)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perturbs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perturbing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perturbed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perturbed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "per‧turb"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To disturb; to bother or unsettle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "disturb",
          "disturb"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "agitate"
        },
        {
          "word": "unsettle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "agitate"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "bother"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "bring down"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "discompose"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "disconcert"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "tags": [
            "nonstandard"
          ],
          "word": "enturbulate"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "disturb"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "mortify"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "perturb"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "put out"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "ruffle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "throw off balance"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "unsettle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:upset",
          "word": "upset"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Physics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To slightly modify the motion of an object."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Astronomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "astronomy",
          "astronomy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "astronomy",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈtɜːb/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pəɹˈtɜɹb/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-perturb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg/En-us-perturb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "xṙovel",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "խռովել"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "smuštavam",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "смущавам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dǎrǎo",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "打擾 /打扰"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "verstoren"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "perturbar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "buair"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "forurolige"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vekke uro"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "gjøre forstyrret"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "skake (opp)"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "ryste"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "nârâhat kardan",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "ناراحت کردن"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "perturbar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "desatentar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
      "word": "conturbar"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force",
      "word": "perturbar"
    }
  ],
  "word": "perturb"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "perturb",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Romanian non-lemma forms",
        "Romanian verb forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "perturba"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of perturba"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perturba",
          "perturba#Romanian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[perˈturb]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "perturb"
}

Download raw JSONL data for perturb meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.