See perturb on Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "perturbation" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "perturbative" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "perturbed" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "perturbedly" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*per-", "4": "*(s)twerH-", "id": "fare" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "perturben", "t": "to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)" }, "expansion": "Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "perturber" }, "expansion": "Old French perturber", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "etymon" }, "expansion": "etymon", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "perturbāre" }, "expansion": "Latin perturbāre", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "present" }, "expansion": "present", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "active" }, "expansion": "active", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "infinitive" }, "expansion": "infinitive", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "intensifying" }, "expansion": "intensifying", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "prefix" }, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "grc", "3": "τῠ́ρβη", "t": "confusion, disorder, tumult" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "qsb-grc" }, "expansion": "Pre-Greek", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)twerH-", "t": "to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "infinitive" }, "expansion": "infinitive", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "conjugation" }, "expansion": "conjugation", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "verb" }, "expansion": "verb", "name": "glossary" } ], "etymology_text": "From Late Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”), from Old French perturber, and from its etymon Latin perturbāre, the present active infinitive of perturbō (“to confuse; to alarm, disturb, trouble, perturb”), from per- (intensifying prefix) + turbō (“to agitate, disturb, unsettle, perturb; to upset”) (from turba (“disorder, disturbance, turmoil”) (possibly from Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”), either from Pre-Greek, or Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)) + -ō (suffix forming infinitives of regular first-conjugation verbs)).", "forms": [ { "form": "perturbs", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "perturbing", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "perturbed", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "perturbed", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "hyphenation": [ "per‧turb" ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "To disturb; to bother or unsettle." ], "id": "en-perturb-en-verb-b-VNIZx3", "links": [ [ "disturb", "disturb" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "agitate" }, { "word": "unsettle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "agitate" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "bother" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "bring down" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "discompose" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "disconcert" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "tags": [ "nonstandard" ], "word": "enturbulate" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "disturb" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "mortify" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "perturb" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "put out" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "ruffle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "throw off balance" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "unsettle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "upset" } ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "xṙovel", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "խռովել" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "smuštavam", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "смущавам" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎrǎo", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "打擾 /打扰" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "verstoren" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "perturbar" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "buair" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "forurolige" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "vekke uro" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "gjøre forstyrret" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "skake (opp)" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "ryste" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "nârâhat kardan", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "ناراحت کردن" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "perturbar" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "desatentar" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "conturbar" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "langcode": "en", "name": "Physics", "orig": "en:Physics", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To slightly modify the motion of an object." ], "id": "en-perturb-en-verb-jl~pJX0D", "links": [ [ "physics", "physics" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object." ], "topics": [ "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "langcode": "en", "name": "Astronomy", "orig": "en:Astronomy", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "27 16 50 6", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "32 8 55 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "29 15 49 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 14 53 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 11 51 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Armenian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 11 51 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "29 14 47 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Dutch translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 11 52 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Ido translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 11 51 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Irish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "26 14 52 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "26 10 58 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Norwegian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 11 51 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Persian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "29 13 49 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 21 35 21", "kind": "other", "langcode": "en", "name": "Orbits", "orig": "en:Orbits", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force." ], "id": "en-perturb-en-verb-2AxeTfgD", "links": [ [ "astronomy", "astronomy" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force." ], "topics": [ "astronomy", "natural-sciences" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "5 16 71 8", "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force", "word": "perturbar" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "langcode": "en", "name": "Mathematics", "orig": "en:Mathematics", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To modify slightly, such as an equation or value." ], "id": "en-perturb-en-verb-1d57O~Hv", "links": [ [ "mathematics", "mathematics" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value." ], "topics": [ "mathematics", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/pəˈtɜːb/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/pəɹˈtɜɹb/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "En-us-perturb.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg/En-us-perturb.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b" } ], "word": "perturb" } { "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "perturb", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Romanian", "lang_code": "ro", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "perturba" } ], "glosses": [ "first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of perturba" ], "id": "en-perturb-ro-verb-N61dB9qb", "links": [ [ "perturba", "perturba#Romanian" ] ], "tags": [ "first-person", "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[perˈturb]" } ], "word": "perturb" }
{ "categories": [ "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from Ancient Greek", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)twerH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b", "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b/2 syllables", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "en:Orbits" ], "derived": [ { "word": "perturbation" }, { "word": "perturbative" }, { "word": "perturbed" }, { "word": "perturbedly" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*per-", "4": "*(s)twerH-", "id": "fare" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "perturben", "t": "to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)" }, "expansion": "Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "perturber" }, "expansion": "Old French perturber", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "etymon" }, "expansion": "etymon", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "perturbāre" }, "expansion": "Latin perturbāre", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "present" }, "expansion": "present", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "active" }, "expansion": "active", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "infinitive" }, "expansion": "infinitive", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "intensifying" }, "expansion": "intensifying", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "prefix" }, "expansion": "prefix", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "grc", "3": "τῠ́ρβη", "t": "confusion, disorder, tumult" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "qsb-grc" }, "expansion": "Pre-Greek", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*(s)twerH-", "t": "to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "infinitive" }, "expansion": "infinitive", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "conjugation" }, "expansion": "conjugation", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "verb" }, "expansion": "verb", "name": "glossary" } ], "etymology_text": "From Late Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”), from Old French perturber, and from its etymon Latin perturbāre, the present active infinitive of perturbō (“to confuse; to alarm, disturb, trouble, perturb”), from per- (intensifying prefix) + turbō (“to agitate, disturb, unsettle, perturb; to upset”) (from turba (“disorder, disturbance, turmoil”) (possibly from Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”), either from Pre-Greek, or Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)) + -ō (suffix forming infinitives of regular first-conjugation verbs)).", "forms": [ { "form": "perturbs", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "perturbing", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "perturbed", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "perturbed", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "hyphenation": [ "per‧turb" ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "To disturb; to bother or unsettle." ], "links": [ [ "disturb", "disturb" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "agitate" }, { "word": "unsettle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "agitate" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "bother" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "bring down" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "discompose" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "disconcert" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "tags": [ "nonstandard" ], "word": "enturbulate" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "disturb" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "mortify" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "perturb" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "put out" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "ruffle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "throw off balance" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "unsettle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "upset" } ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Physics" ], "glosses": [ "To slightly modify the motion of an object." ], "links": [ [ "physics", "physics" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object." ], "topics": [ "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics" ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Astronomy" ], "glosses": [ "To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force." ], "links": [ [ "astronomy", "astronomy" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force." ], "topics": [ "astronomy", "natural-sciences" ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Mathematics" ], "glosses": [ "To modify slightly, such as an equation or value." ], "links": [ [ "mathematics", "mathematics" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value." ], "topics": [ "mathematics", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/pəˈtɜːb/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/pəɹˈtɜɹb/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "En-us-perturb.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg/En-us-perturb.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "xṙovel", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "խռովել" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "smuštavam", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "смущавам" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎrǎo", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "打擾 /打扰" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "verstoren" }, { "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "perturbar" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "buair" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "forurolige" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "vekke uro" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "gjøre forstyrret" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "skake (opp)" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "ryste" }, { "code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "nârâhat kardan", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "ناراحت کردن" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "perturbar" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "desatentar" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "conturbar" }, { "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force", "word": "perturbar" } ], "word": "perturb" } { "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "perturb", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Romanian", "lang_code": "ro", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Romanian entries with incorrect language header", "Romanian non-lemma forms", "Romanian verb forms" ], "form_of": [ { "word": "perturba" } ], "glosses": [ "first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of perturba" ], "links": [ [ "perturba", "perturba#Romanian" ] ], "tags": [ "first-person", "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[perˈturb]" } ], "word": "perturb" }
Download raw JSONL data for perturb meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.