See perturb on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "deperturb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbability"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "perturbed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturber"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "perturbing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "perturbing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "perturbment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "reperturb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unperturbed"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"perturben",
"perturben#Middle_English"
],
[
"perturber",
"perturber#Old_French"
],
[
"perturbāre",
"perturbare#Latin"
],
[
"perturbō",
"perturbo#Latin"
],
[
"per-",
"per-#Latin"
],
[
"turbō",
"turbo#Latin"
],
[
"turba",
"turba#Latin"
],
[
"τῠ́ρβη",
"τύρβη#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*(s)twerH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)twerH-"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*(s)twerH-",
"id": "fare"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perturben",
"t": "to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "perturber"
},
"expansion": "Old French perturber",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perturbāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin perturbāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "intensifying"
},
"expansion": "intensifying",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τῠ́ρβη",
"t": "confusion, disorder, tumult"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "qsb-grc"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)twerH-",
"t": "to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "conjugation"
},
"expansion": "conjugation",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”), from Old French perturber, and from its etymon Latin perturbāre, the present active infinitive of perturbō (“to confuse; to alarm, disturb, trouble, perturb”), from per- (intensifying prefix) + turbō (“to agitate, disturb, unsettle, perturb; to upset”) (from turba (“disorder, disturbance, turmoil”) (possibly from Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”), either from Pre-Greek, or Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)) + -ō (suffix forming infinitives of regular first-conjugation verbs)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perturbs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "perturb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "perturb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
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"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perturb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbedst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perturb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perturb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "perturb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"per",
"turb"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "disturb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbational"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbatively"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbator"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 21 11 16 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
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"_dis": "46 17 7 11 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 19 8 12 6 8",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "41 19 10 12 8 10",
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"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "47 19 8 12 6 8",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "49 19 9 11 5 7",
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"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "48 17 7 15 6 7",
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
62
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],
"ref": "a. 1521 (date written), [John Heywood], A Mery Play betwene the Pardoner and the Frere, the Curate and Neybour Pratte, London: […] Wyllyam Rastell, published 15 April 1533 (Gregorian calendar), →OCLC, signature B.i., recto:",
"text": "Mary therefore the more knaue art thou I ſay / That perturbeſt the worde of god I ſay […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
123,
133
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"ref": "1569, Richard Grafton, “Henry the Seconde”, in A Chronicle at Large and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande […], volume II, London: […] Henry Denham, […], for Richarde Tottle and Humffrey Toye, →OCLC, page 69:",
"text": "The Nobles ſtandyng by hearyng him thus ſpeake were greatly agreeued with him, notyng in him arrogancy and wilfulneſſe, in perturbyng and refuſyng ſuch an honeſt order of agreement: […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
115
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"ref": "1646, Thomas Browne, “Concerning the Vulgar Opinion that the Earth was Slenderly Peopled before the Floud”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 6th book, page 295:",
"text": "[T]he grounds and firſt inventions of Poeticall fables, […] vvere alſo taken up by hiſtoricall VVriters, perturbing the Chaldean and Ægyptian Records vvith fabulous additions, and confounding their names and ſtories, vvith their ovvne inventions.",
"type": "quotation"
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{
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137
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"ref": "1730, Thomas Fuller, “Of Continual Fevers, Caused by Matter Taken into the Blood ab extra”, in Exanthematologia: Or, An Attempt to Give a Rational Account of Eruptive Fevers, Especially of the Measles and Small Pox. […], London: […] Charles Rivington, and Stephen Austen, […], →OCLC, pages 114–115:",
"text": "If it [benign matter] be as yet ſeated in the Lymph, and ſcarce got in among the Globules, it vvill notvvithſtanding provoke, and perturb the vital Spirits, and ſo exagitate them as to ſtir up an Efferveſcence, vvhich ceaſeth again as ſoon as the Matter can be concocted and throvvn out by inſenſible Tranſpiration, Svveat, Urine, Stools, &c.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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17
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"ref": "1881, Abū Muẖammad bin Yusuf bin Mu,ayyid-i-Niz̤āmu-’d-Dīn [i.e., Nizami Ganjavi], “Canto XXVIII. Sikandar’s Written Reply to Dara.”, in H[enry] Wilberforce Clarke, transl., The Sikandar Nāma,e Barȧ, or Book of Alexander the Great, […], London: W[illiam] H[oughton] Allen & Co., […], →OCLC, page 313, line 67:",
"text": "[T]hou perturbest my place; / Takest from me the country of my forefathers; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed; to cause confusion."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-vUX~YKT5",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"physically",
"physically"
],
[
"disordered",
"disorder#Verb"
],
[
"disturbed",
"disturb#Verb"
],
[
"confusion",
"confusion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed; to cause confusion."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "derange"
},
{
"word": "disturb"
},
{
"word": "unsettle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "addle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "baffle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "vex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "lose"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "embroil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "stick"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "stump"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "baffound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bamboozle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bedevil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "befuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "throw"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "bemud"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bemuse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bewilder"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bumfuzzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "complicate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "confound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "confuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "confuse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"childish",
"slang"
],
"word": "confuzzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "dazzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "discombobulate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "disconcert"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "blind"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "dumbfound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "entangle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "ferhoodle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabagast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabbergast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabbergaster"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flurry"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "fluster"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flummox"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "fuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "jumble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "knot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "mix up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "muddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "muddy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "ravel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "perplex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "puzzle"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "xṙovel",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "խռովել"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "dǎrǎo",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "打擾 /打扰"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "verstoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "häiritä"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "buair"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "forurolige"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "gjøre forstyrret"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "ryste"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "skake (opp)"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vekke uro"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "nârâhat kardan",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "ناراحت کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "conturbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 6 3 6 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "desatentar"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "besoothe"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "cheer"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "comfort"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "console"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "solace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "soothe"
}
],
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"kind": "other",
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"ref": "1632 (first performance), Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “The Magnetick Lady: Or, Humors Reconcil’d. A Comedy […]”, in The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. The Second Volume. […] (Second Folio), London: […] Richard Meighen, published 1640, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 10:",
"text": "[…] I have often found / The truth thereof, in my private paſſions: / For I doe never feele my ſelfe perturb'd / VVith any generall vvords 'gainſt my profeſſion, / They doe avvake, and ſtirre me: […]",
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"ref": "1826, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 146:",
"text": "He remembered how, […] his childish imagination was perturbed at a phenomenon, for which he could not account.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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109,
119
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"ref": "1848, John Chrysostom, “Homily XXIII. 2 Cor[inthians] xi. 1.”, in J. Ashworth, transl., edited by J. F. Christie, The Homilies of S. John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, on the Second Epistle of St. Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians. […] (A Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church, anterior to the Divison of the East and West), Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker; London: F[rancis] and J[ohn] Rivington, →OCLC, page 269:",
"text": "[I]t is very easy to abstain from this sin [the desire of money]. For here it is not any natural desire that perturbeth the mind, but it ariseth from wilful negligence.",
"type": "quotation"
},
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"ref": "1922 February–March, Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Problem of Thor Bridge”, in The Case Book of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, published June 1927, →OCLC, page 198:",
"text": "\"Did he seem to you much perturbed?\" / \"Mr. Gibson is a very strong, self-contained man. I do not think that he would ever show his emotions on the surface. But I, who knew him so well, could see that he was deeply concerned.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To disturb (someone, their mind, etc.) mentally; to bother, trouble, upset."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-agiEZFsW",
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind#Noun"
],
[
"mentally",
"mentally"
],
[
"bother",
"bother#Verb"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble#Verb"
],
[
"upset",
"upset#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To disturb (someone, their mind, etc.) mentally; to bother, trouble, upset."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "agitate"
},
{
"word": "distress"
},
{
"word": "unsettle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "agitate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "freak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "sting"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "bother"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "bring down"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "discompose"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "unstring"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "disconcert"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "enturbulate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "disturb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "mortify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "perturb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "put out"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "ruffle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "throw off balance"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "unsettle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "upset"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "flurry"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "en:Astronomy",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Physics",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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"name": "Orbits",
"orig": "en:Orbits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a celestial body: to modify the motion or orbit of (another celestial body) by exerting a gravitational force; hence (physics), to slightly modify (the motion of an object)."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-XNQFgWW6",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"celestial body",
"celestial body"
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[
"modify",
"modify"
],
[
"motion",
"motion#Noun"
],
[
"orbit",
"orbit#Noun"
],
[
"exert",
"exert"
],
[
"gravitational force",
"gravitational force"
],
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"slightly",
"slightly"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(astronomy) Of a celestial body: to modify the motion or orbit of (another celestial body) by exerting a gravitational force; hence (physics), to slightly modify (the motion of an object)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 3 67 21 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) of a celestial body: to modify the motion or orbit of (another celestial body) by exerting a gravitational force; to slightly modify (the motion of an object)",
"word": "häiritä"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 3 67 21 3 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "(transitive) of a celestial body: to modify the motion or orbit of (another celestial body) by exerting a gravitational force; to slightly modify (the motion of an object)",
"word": "perturbar"
}
]
},
{
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{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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"To slightly modify (a set of equations or their solutions), producing deviations from a simple, easily solvable problem, in order to find an approximate solution to a problem that is more difficult to solve or otherwise unsolvable."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-EQ6AlE6X",
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[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
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[
"set",
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[
"equation",
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[
"solutions",
"solution#Noun"
],
[
"producing",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"deviation",
"deviation"
],
[
"simple",
"simple#Adjective"
],
[
"easily",
"easily"
],
[
"solvable",
"solvable"
],
[
"problem",
"problem#Noun"
],
[
"find",
"find#Verb"
],
[
"approximate",
"approximate#Adjective"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#Adjective"
],
[
"solve",
"solve#Verb"
],
[
"unsolvable",
"unsolvable#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(mathematics) To slightly modify (a set of equations or their solutions), producing deviations from a simple, easily solvable problem, in order to find an approximate solution to a problem that is more difficult to solve or otherwise unsolvable."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 3 20 63 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to slightly modify (a set of equations or their solutions), producing deviations from a simple, easily solvable problem",
"word": "häiritä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sciences",
"orig": "en:Sciences",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To influence (a process or system) so that it deviates from its normal state."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-811iMsM~",
"links": [
[
"sciences",
"sciences"
],
[
"influence",
"influence#Verb"
],
[
"process",
"process#Noun"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"deviates",
"deviate#Verb"
],
[
"normal",
"normal#Adjective"
],
[
"state",
"state#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(sciences) To influence (a process or system) so that it deviates from its normal state."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 4 5 9 71 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to influence (a process or system) so that it deviates from its normal state",
"word": "häiritä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"ref": "1557 August 23 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Virgil, “The Syxt Booke”, in Thomas Phaer, transl., The Seuen First Bookes of the Eneidos of Virgill, Conuerted in Englishe Meter […], London: […] Ihon Kyngston, for Richard Jugge, […], published 7 June 1558 (Gregorian calendar), →OCLC, signature [R.iij.], recto:",
"text": "Thy ghoſt O father ſweete, thy greuous ghoſt, / Perturbing in my dremes hath me compeld to ſee this coaſt.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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107,
115
]
],
"ref": "1869 December (indicated as 1870 January), James Russell Lowell, “The Cathedral”, in James Thomas Fields, editor, The Atlantic Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics, volume XXV, number CXLVII, Boston, Mass.: Fields, Osgood, & Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 11–12:",
"text": "This growth original of virgin soil, / By fascination felt in opposites, / Pleases and shocks, entices and perturbs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bother, to disturb, to trouble."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-EhhP42bA",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To bother, to disturb, to trouble."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "agitate"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈtɜːb/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəɹˈtɜɹb/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg",
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]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b"
}
],
"word": "perturb"
}
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},
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}
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"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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}
],
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"word": "perturba"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-perturb-ro-verb-N61dB9qb",
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[
"perturba",
"perturba#Romanian"
]
],
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"form-of",
"indicative",
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"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[perˈturb]"
}
],
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}
{
"categories": [
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"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)twerH-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Orbits"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "deperturb"
},
{
"word": "perturbability"
},
{
"word": "perturbable"
},
{
"word": "perturbagen"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "perturbed"
},
{
"word": "perturbedly"
},
{
"word": "perturber"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "perturbing"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "perturbing"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "perturbment"
},
{
"word": "reperturb"
},
{
"word": "unperturbed"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"perturben",
"perturben#Middle_English"
],
[
"perturber",
"perturber#Old_French"
],
[
"perturbāre",
"perturbare#Latin"
],
[
"perturbō",
"perturbo#Latin"
],
[
"per-",
"per-#Latin"
],
[
"turbō",
"turbo#Latin"
],
[
"turba",
"turba#Latin"
],
[
"τῠ́ρβη",
"τύρβη#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*(s)twerH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)twerH-"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin"
]
],
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "perturben",
"t": "to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "perturber"
},
"expansion": "Old French perturber",
"name": "der"
},
{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "perturbāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin perturbāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "infinitive",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "intensifying"
},
"expansion": "intensifying",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τῠ́ρβη",
"t": "confusion, disorder, tumult"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "qsb-grc"
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"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)twerH-",
"t": "to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "suffix",
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{
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},
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"name": "lg"
},
{
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"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English perturben (“to disturb (someone) mentally, disquiet; to cause disorder to (something), confuse; to hinder (something)”), from Old French perturber, and from its etymon Latin perturbāre, the present active infinitive of perturbō (“to confuse; to alarm, disturb, trouble, perturb”), from per- (intensifying prefix) + turbō (“to agitate, disturb, unsettle, perturb; to upset”) (from turba (“disorder, disturbance, turmoil”) (possibly from Ancient Greek τῠ́ρβη (tŭ́rbē, “confusion, disorder, tumult”), either from Pre-Greek, or Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to urge on, propel”)) + -ō (suffix forming infinitives of regular first-conjugation verbs)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perturbs",
"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbing",
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"present"
]
},
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]
},
{
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},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
"form": "perturb",
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]
},
{
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},
{
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perturb",
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"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbest",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"singular"
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},
{
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"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "perturbeth",
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"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "perturb",
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"present"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perturb",
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"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbing",
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"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"per",
"turb"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "disturb"
},
{
"word": "perturbance"
},
{
"word": "perturbant"
},
{
"word": "perturbation"
},
{
"word": "perturbational"
},
{
"word": "perturbative"
},
{
"word": "perturbatively"
},
{
"word": "perturbator"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
62
]
],
"ref": "a. 1521 (date written), [John Heywood], A Mery Play betwene the Pardoner and the Frere, the Curate and Neybour Pratte, London: […] Wyllyam Rastell, published 15 April 1533 (Gregorian calendar), →OCLC, signature B.i., recto:",
"text": "Mary therefore the more knaue art thou I ſay / That perturbeſt the worde of god I ſay […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
123,
133
]
],
"ref": "1569, Richard Grafton, “Henry the Seconde”, in A Chronicle at Large and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande […], volume II, London: […] Henry Denham, […], for Richarde Tottle and Humffrey Toye, →OCLC, page 69:",
"text": "The Nobles ſtandyng by hearyng him thus ſpeake were greatly agreeued with him, notyng in him arrogancy and wilfulneſſe, in perturbyng and refuſyng ſuch an honeſt order of agreement: […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
115
]
],
"ref": "1646, Thomas Browne, “Concerning the Vulgar Opinion that the Earth was Slenderly Peopled before the Floud”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 6th book, page 295:",
"text": "[T]he grounds and firſt inventions of Poeticall fables, […] vvere alſo taken up by hiſtoricall VVriters, perturbing the Chaldean and Ægyptian Records vvith fabulous additions, and confounding their names and ſtories, vvith their ovvne inventions.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
130,
137
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],
"ref": "1730, Thomas Fuller, “Of Continual Fevers, Caused by Matter Taken into the Blood ab extra”, in Exanthematologia: Or, An Attempt to Give a Rational Account of Eruptive Fevers, Especially of the Measles and Small Pox. […], London: […] Charles Rivington, and Stephen Austen, […], →OCLC, pages 114–115:",
"text": "If it [benign matter] be as yet ſeated in the Lymph, and ſcarce got in among the Globules, it vvill notvvithſtanding provoke, and perturb the vital Spirits, and ſo exagitate them as to ſtir up an Efferveſcence, vvhich ceaſeth again as ſoon as the Matter can be concocted and throvvn out by inſenſible Tranſpiration, Svveat, Urine, Stools, &c.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
17
]
],
"ref": "1881, Abū Muẖammad bin Yusuf bin Mu,ayyid-i-Niz̤āmu-’d-Dīn [i.e., Nizami Ganjavi], “Canto XXVIII. Sikandar’s Written Reply to Dara.”, in H[enry] Wilberforce Clarke, transl., The Sikandar Nāma,e Barȧ, or Book of Alexander the Great, […], London: W[illiam] H[oughton] Allen & Co., […], →OCLC, page 313, line 67:",
"text": "[T]hou perturbest my place; / Takest from me the country of my forefathers; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed; to cause confusion."
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"physically",
"physically"
],
[
"disordered",
"disorder#Verb"
],
[
"disturbed",
"disturb#Verb"
],
[
"confusion",
"confusion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed; to cause confusion."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "derange"
},
{
"word": "disturb"
},
{
"word": "unsettle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "addle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "baffle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "vex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "lose"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "embroil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "stick"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "stump"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "baffound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bamboozle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bedevil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "befuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "throw"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "bemud"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bemuse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bewilder"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bumfuzzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "complicate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "confound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "confuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "confuse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"childish",
"slang"
],
"word": "confuzzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "dazzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "discombobulate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "disconcert"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "blind"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "dumbfound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "entangle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "ferhoodle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabagast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabbergast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabbergaster"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flurry"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "fluster"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flummox"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "fuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "jumble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "knot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "mix up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "muddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "muddy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "ravel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "perplex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "puzzle"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "besoothe"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "cheer"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "comfort"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "console"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "solace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:comfort",
"word": "soothe"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
101,
110
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],
"ref": "1632 (first performance), Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “The Magnetick Lady: Or, Humors Reconcil’d. A Comedy […]”, in The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. The Second Volume. […] (Second Folio), London: […] Richard Meighen, published 1640, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 10:",
"text": "[…] I have often found / The truth thereof, in my private paſſions: / For I doe never feele my ſelfe perturb'd / VVith any generall vvords 'gainſt my profeſſion, / They doe avvake, and ſtirre me: […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
61
]
],
"ref": "1826, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 146:",
"text": "He remembered how, […] his childish imagination was perturbed at a phenomenon, for which he could not account.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
109,
119
]
],
"ref": "1848, John Chrysostom, “Homily XXIII. 2 Cor[inthians] xi. 1.”, in J. Ashworth, transl., edited by J. F. Christie, The Homilies of S. John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, on the Second Epistle of St. Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians. […] (A Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church, anterior to the Divison of the East and West), Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker; London: F[rancis] and J[ohn] Rivington, →OCLC, page 269:",
"text": "[I]t is very easy to abstain from this sin [the desire of money]. For here it is not any natural desire that perturbeth the mind, but it ariseth from wilful negligence.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
34
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],
"ref": "1922 February–March, Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Problem of Thor Bridge”, in The Case Book of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, published June 1927, →OCLC, page 198:",
"text": "\"Did he seem to you much perturbed?\" / \"Mr. Gibson is a very strong, self-contained man. I do not think that he would ever show his emotions on the surface. But I, who knew him so well, could see that he was deeply concerned.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To disturb (someone, their mind, etc.) mentally; to bother, trouble, upset."
],
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind#Noun"
],
[
"mentally",
"mentally"
],
[
"bother",
"bother#Verb"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble#Verb"
],
[
"upset",
"upset#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"To disturb (someone, their mind, etc.) mentally; to bother, trouble, upset."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "agitate"
},
{
"word": "distress"
},
{
"word": "unsettle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "agitate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "freak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "sting"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "bother"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "bring down"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "discompose"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "unstring"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "disconcert"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "enturbulate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "disturb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "mortify"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "perturb"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "put out"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "ruffle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "throw off balance"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "unsettle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "upset"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:upset",
"word": "flurry"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Astronomy",
"en:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a celestial body: to modify the motion or orbit of (another celestial body) by exerting a gravitational force; hence (physics), to slightly modify (the motion of an object)."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"celestial body",
"celestial body"
],
[
"modify",
"modify"
],
[
"motion",
"motion#Noun"
],
[
"orbit",
"orbit#Noun"
],
[
"exert",
"exert"
],
[
"gravitational force",
"gravitational force"
],
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"slightly",
"slightly"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(astronomy) Of a celestial body: to modify the motion or orbit of (another celestial body) by exerting a gravitational force; hence (physics), to slightly modify (the motion of an object)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"To slightly modify (a set of equations or their solutions), producing deviations from a simple, easily solvable problem, in order to find an approximate solution to a problem that is more difficult to solve or otherwise unsolvable."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"set",
"set#Noun"
],
[
"equation",
"equation"
],
[
"solutions",
"solution#Noun"
],
[
"producing",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"deviation",
"deviation"
],
[
"simple",
"simple#Adjective"
],
[
"easily",
"easily"
],
[
"solvable",
"solvable"
],
[
"problem",
"problem#Noun"
],
[
"find",
"find#Verb"
],
[
"approximate",
"approximate#Adjective"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#Adjective"
],
[
"solve",
"solve#Verb"
],
[
"unsolvable",
"unsolvable#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(mathematics) To slightly modify (a set of equations or their solutions), producing deviations from a simple, easily solvable problem, in order to find an approximate solution to a problem that is more difficult to solve or otherwise unsolvable."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Sciences"
],
"glosses": [
"To influence (a process or system) so that it deviates from its normal state."
],
"links": [
[
"sciences",
"sciences"
],
[
"influence",
"influence#Verb"
],
[
"process",
"process#Noun"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"deviates",
"deviate#Verb"
],
[
"normal",
"normal#Adjective"
],
[
"state",
"state#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive)",
"(sciences) To influence (a process or system) so that it deviates from its normal state."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
58
]
],
"ref": "1557 August 23 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Virgil, “The Syxt Booke”, in Thomas Phaer, transl., The Seuen First Bookes of the Eneidos of Virgill, Conuerted in Englishe Meter […], London: […] Ihon Kyngston, for Richard Jugge, […], published 7 June 1558 (Gregorian calendar), →OCLC, signature [R.iij.], recto:",
"text": "Thy ghoſt O father ſweete, thy greuous ghoſt, / Perturbing in my dremes hath me compeld to ſee this coaſt.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
107,
115
]
],
"ref": "1869 December (indicated as 1870 January), James Russell Lowell, “The Cathedral”, in James Thomas Fields, editor, The Atlantic Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics, volume XXV, number CXLVII, Boston, Mass.: Fields, Osgood, & Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 11–12:",
"text": "This growth original of virgin soil, / By fascination felt in opposites, / Pleases and shocks, entices and perturbs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bother, to disturb, to trouble."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To bother, to disturb, to trouble."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "agitate"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈtɜːb/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəɹˈtɜɹb/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-perturb.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg/En-us-perturb.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "xṙovel",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "խռովել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "dǎrǎo",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "打擾 /打扰"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "verstoren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "häiritä"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "buair"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "forurolige"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "gjøre forstyrret"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "ryste"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "skake (opp)"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vekke uro"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "nârâhat kardan",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "ناراحت کردن"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "conturbar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "(transitive) to cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed",
"word": "desatentar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) of a celestial body: to modify the motion or orbit of (another celestial body) by exerting a gravitational force; to slightly modify (the motion of an object)",
"word": "häiritä"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "(transitive) of a celestial body: to modify the motion or orbit of (another celestial body) by exerting a gravitational force; to slightly modify (the motion of an object)",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to slightly modify (a set of equations or their solutions), producing deviations from a simple, easily solvable problem",
"word": "häiritä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "(transitive) to influence (a process or system) so that it deviates from its normal state",
"word": "häiritä"
}
],
"word": "perturb"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "perturb",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian non-lemma forms",
"Romanian verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perturba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of perturba"
],
"links": [
[
"perturba",
"perturba#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[perˈturb]"
}
],
"word": "perturb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perturb meaning in All languages combined (24.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.